Dangerous Goods Classification

危险品分类

The 9 classes of dangerous goods according to the UN classification system

Dangerous goods are classified into 9 main classes based on their primary hazard. This classification system is used internationally for transport regulations including ADR (road), IMDG (sea), and IATA DGR (air).

1
EXPLOSIVE

Class 1: Explosive Substances and Articles

Class 1 contains substances and articles which pose a hazard due to explosion. Items in Class 1 are further divided into divisions 1.1 - 1.6 depending on the nature of the explosion hazard and the sensitivity of the item.

Divisions:

  • 1.1: Mass explosion hazard
  • 1.1: 整体爆炸危险
  • 1.2: Projection hazard
  • 1.2: 抛射危险
  • 1.3: Fire and minor blast hazard
  • 1.3: 火灾和轻微爆炸危险
  • 1.4: No significant hazard
  • 1.4: 无重大危险
  • 1.5: Very insensitive substances
  • 1.5: 非常不敏感的物质
  • 1.6: Extremely insensitive articles
  • 1.6: 极不敏感的物品

Examples:

  • Fireworks
  • 烟花
  • Ammunition
  • 弹药
  • Detonators
  • 雷管
  • Flares
  • 信号弹
2
GASES

Class 2: Gases

Class 2 contains potentially dangerous gases. Gases in class 2 are assigned one or more groups, representing their dangerous properties.

Divisions:

  • 2.1: Flammable gases
  • 2.1: 易燃气体
  • 2.2: Non-flammable, non-toxic gases
  • 2.2: 非易燃、无毒气体
  • 2.3: Toxic gases
  • 2.3: 有毒气体

Examples:

  • Aerosols
  • 气雾剂
  • Propane
  • 丙烷
  • Nitrogen
  • 氮气
  • Chlorine
  • 氯气
3
FLAMMABLE

Class 3: Flammable Liquids

Class 3 covers flammable liquids, which includes some molten solid substances and liquid desensitized explosives. Substances are divided into different packing groups according to the degree of danger they present to transportation.

Packing Groups:

  • I: High danger
  • I: 高危
  • II: Medium danger
  • II: 中危
  • III: Low danger
  • III: 低危

Examples:

  • Gasoline (UN1203)
  • 汽油 (UN1203)
  • Ethanol
  • 乙醇
  • Acetone
  • 丙酮
  • Paint
  • 油漆
4
FLAMMABLE SOLID

Class 4: Flammable Solids

Class 4 includes flammable solids, substances liable to spontaneous combustion, and substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases.

Divisions:

  • 4.1: Flammable solids
  • 4.1: 易燃固体
  • 4.2: Substances liable to spontaneous combustion
  • 4.2: 易于自燃的物质
  • 4.3: Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases
  • 4.3: 遇水释放易燃气体的物质

Examples:

  • Matches (UN1944)
  • 火柴 (UN1944)
  • White phosphorus
  • 白磷
  • Sodium
  • 钠
  • Calcium carbide
  • 碳化钙
5
OXIDIZING

Class 5: Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides

Class 5 includes substances that can cause or contribute to combustion, generally by yielding oxygen, and organic peroxides, which are thermally unstable and may undergo exothermic decomposition.

Divisions:

  • 5.1: Oxidizing substances
  • 5.1: 氧化性物质
  • 5.2: Organic peroxides
  • 5.2: 有机过氧化物

Examples:

  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • 过氧化氢
  • Ammonium nitrate
  • 硝酸铵
  • Calcium hypochlorite
  • 次氯酸钙
  • Benzoyl peroxide
  • 过氧化苯甲酰
6
TOXIC

Class 6: Toxic and Infectious Substances

Class 6 includes substances that are either toxic to humans or that could cause disease through infection. These substances can cause serious harm or death if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.

Divisions:

  • 6.1: Toxic substances
  • 6.1: 毒性物质
  • 6.2: Infectious substances
  • 6.2: 感染性物质

Examples:

  • Cyanide compounds
  • 氰化物
  • Arsenic
  • 砷
  • Medical waste
  • 医疗废物
  • Biological cultures
  • 生物培养物
7
RADIOACTIVE

Class 7: Radioactive Material

Class 7 includes materials that spontaneously emit ionizing radiation which can present dangers to human health. Special packaging, handling, and transport requirements apply to these materials.

Categories:

  • I-WHITE: Low radiation level
  • I-白: 低辐射水平
  • II-YELLOW: Medium radiation level
  • II-黄: 中等辐射水平
  • III-YELLOW: High radiation level
  • III-黄: 高辐射水平

Examples:

  • Uranium
  • 铀
  • Medical isotopes
  • 医用同位素
  • Plutonium
  • 钚
  • Radioactive waste
  • 放射性废物
8
CORROSIVE

Class 8: Corrosive Substances

Class 8 includes substances that can destroy living tissue on contact or, in case of leakage, can materially damage or destroy other goods or transport equipment.

Packing Groups:

  • I: Very dangerous
  • I: 非常危险
  • II: Medium danger
  • II: 中等危险
  • III: Minor danger
  • III: 轻微危险

Examples:

  • Sulfuric acid
  • 硫酸
  • Sodium hydroxide
  • 氢氧化钠
  • Hydrochloric acid
  • 盐酸
  • Battery fluid
  • 电池液
9
MISCELLANEOUS

Class 9: Miscellaneous Dangerous Substances and Articles

Class 9 includes substances and articles that present a danger during transport but do not meet the criteria of other classes. This includes environmentally hazardous substances, elevated temperature materials, and others.

Examples of Hazards:

  • Environmentally hazardous
  • 环境危害
  • Marine pollutant
  • 海洋污染物
  • Elevated temperature
  • 高温
  • Genetically modified organisms
  • 转基因生物

Examples:

  • Lithium batteries
  • 锂电池
  • Asbestos
  • 石棉
  • Dry ice
  • 干冰
  • Life-saving appliances
  • 救生设备

Note: This is a simplified overview. For detailed information, please consult the official UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.